This study successfully developed a variety of specific qPCR assays for the characterisation of host faecal contamination.
The results supported the coupled use of mitochondrial markers with Bacteroides markers for microbial risk assessment for improved efficiency and accuracy.

Honours Thesis completed by Sarah Aucote in November 2017.

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that causes the diarrhoeal disease cryptosporidiosis. It is a key concern for water utilities and health regulators because it is common in source waters, highly transmissible, difficult to inactivate and has limited effective drug treatments. There are 26 species of Cryptosporidium but only two, C. hominis and C. parvum, are of public health concern because they cause >90% of infections. this project evaluated and improved PCR assays for Cryptosporidium detection and developed new novel PCR assays for Cryptosporidium species identification.

Honours Thesis completed by Anna M. Wilson in November 2013.

Faecal source tracking (FST) involves the identifying the contamination pathways and potential health risk of faecal contamination in source waters and is an important strategy for contaminant management within catchments. The Smart Monitoring for Microbial Risk Assessment project (WaterRA #1103) aimed to develop and validate a protocol for FST including sampling requirements, quality standards and guidelines for data interpretation, with the objective to be able to integrate newer qPCR and vertebrate diversity profiling technologies into existing monitoring programmes.  The techniques and approach for source water characterisation using the methodologies demonstrated in Project 1103 show substantial promise in being able to provide the additional risk discrimination when assessing source waters in line with Health Based Targets guidelines.

Nevertheless, the work presented in WaterRA#1103 project identified several limitations to the wholesale utilisation of some aspects of this technology which need careful consideration before its widespread adoption across all catchment types. One of the most significant factors limiting the application of the vertebrate diversity profiling component of the technology was the amount (or lack) of starting target template available before the PCR amplification steps.

The proposed research aims to explore the application of passive samplers to source waters and examine if they can increase the target template captured available for PCR amplification and subsequent vertebrate diversity profiling, in addition to targeted qPCR analysis.  Furthermore, the proposal looks to build upon the learnings from Project 1103 ​so the molecular techniques developed can be more widely adopted to catchment risk assessment within the framework of Health Based Targets approach.